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List of early modern universities in Europe : ウィキペディア英語版 | List of early modern universities in Europe
The list of early modern universities in Europe comprises all universities that existed in the early modern age (1501–1800) in Europe. It also includes short-lived foundations and educational institutions whose university status is a matter of debate. The operation of the degree-awarding university with its corporate organization and relative autonomy, which had emerged in the Christian medieval world,〔 was continued into the new era. The number of universities which had been in existence at one time during the period rose from around eighty medieval universities to nearly two hundred.〔Frijhoff 1996, pp. 80–89〕 While the ''universitas'' arrived in Eastern Europe as far as Moscow, many were established further west either by the new Protestant powers or the Catholic Counter-Reformation spearheaded by the Jesuits. At the same time, the Spanish founded colonial universities and the British colonial colleges in the New World, thus heralding the spread of the university as ''the'' center of higher learning around the globe (see List of oldest universities).〔Roberts, Rodriguez & Herbst 1996, pp. 256–284〕 == Definition == A short definition of the university and its defining characteristics as they evolved in the medieval and early modern era is offered by the multi-volume ''History of the University in Europe'' of the European University Association:
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